Characteristics of Countries at Different Levels of Development
71 questions· page 1 of 8
What is least likely to lead to an increase in optimum population?
Options
A an improvement in labour productivity
B an improvement in the quality of capital and technology
C an increase in birth rate and a fall in death rate
D an increase in the availability of natural resources
What indicates that a more equal distribution of income has been achieved?
Options
A a faster rate of economic growth
B a higher Human Development Index
C a lower Gini coefficient
D a lower tax/GDP ratio
Which combination of characteristics is usually associated with a low-income country?
Options
A high death rate and low levels of productivity
B high gross domestic product and low infant mortality
C low birth rate and a large proportion of income from primary industries
D low exports of capital and a large tertiary sector
The diagram shows a Lorenz curve of the distribution of income of households for a country.
Which curve shows the most equal distribution of income of households?
Options
A curve A on Fig. 28.1
B curve B on Fig. 28.1
C curve C on Fig. 28.1
D curve D on Fig. 28.1
What is not a characteristic of an emerging economy?
Options
A an agricultural sector with a growing % of GDP
B high birth rates
C high potential for growth
D increasing access to education
The table shows the value of the Gini coefficient for an economy from 2018 to 2020.
| year | Gini coefficient |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 0.29 |
| 2019 | 0.28 |
| 2020 | 0.27 |
What is most likely to explain the change in the value of the Gini coefficient between 2018 and 2020?
Options
A an increase in indirect taxes
B an increase in long-term unemployment
C an increase in the national minimum wage
D an increase in population
The Lorenz curves in the diagram show different distributions of income and of wealth.
At first, income in a country is more equally distributed than wealth.
In a period, the distribution of income becomes more unequal but the distribution of wealth becomes more equal.
Which movement would show the effects of these changes on the distribution of income and wealth within the country?
Options
| distribution of income | distribution of wealth | |
|---|---|---|
| A | shift from curve 1 to curve 2 | shift from curve 4 to curve 3 |
| B | shift from curve 2 to curve 1 | shift from curve 3 to curve 4 |
| C | shift from curve 3 to curve 4 | shift from curve 2 to curve 1 |
| D | shift from curve 4 to curve 3 | shift from curve 1 to curve 2 |
What is likely to happen in a developing country as it becomes more developed?
Options
A A lower percentage of people will go to university.
B Average life expectancy will rise.
C The rate of population growth will increase.
D The tertiary sector will decline in importance.
What will increase the size of a country’s optimum population?
Options
A a rise in the birth rate
B a lowering of the age of retirement
C a rise in the stock of capital available in the country
D a decrease in the productivity of the country’s industries
The table shows the values of the Gini coefficient for some countries in a given year.
| Gini coefficient | |
|---|---|
| Namibia | 74.3 |
| Zambia | 50.4 |
| France | 32.7 |
| Denmark | 24.7 |
Using this information, which statement is correct?
Options
A Income is distributed more equally in Denmark than France.
B Income is distributed more equally in Namibia than Zambia.
C Income per capita is higher in Zambia than Namibia.
D There are proportionally more people below the poverty line in Zambia than France.